PARAMETER MUTU DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN GADI MERAH  (ABELMOCHUS MANIHOT (L.) MEDIK

Andri Prasetiyo; Wiwi Winarti; Syifa Aulia

doi:10.47219/ath.v9i1.350

Andri Prasetiyo Universitas Pancasila
Wiwi Winarti Universitas Pancasila
Syifa Aulia Universitas Pancasila

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47219/ath.v9i1.350

Keywords: Antioksidan, gedi merah, parameter mutu

Abstract

Secara empiris daun gedi merah (Abelmochus manihot) telah digunakan untuk pengobatan diabetes, hipertensi dan penurun kolesterol. Tujuan penelitian adalah penetapan parameter mutu ekstrak, uji aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol 70% daun gedi merah. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pembuatan ekstrak menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% secara maserasi kinetik, ekstrak yang diperoleh dilanjutkan penapisan fitokimia, pemerikasan parameter mutu ekstrak dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode peredaman DPPH. Hasil penapisan fitokimia diperoleh adanya flavonoid, saponin, kumarin, minyak atsiri, steroid dan triterpenoid. Hasil parameter mutu ekstrak diperoleh warna hijau, bau khas, rasa sepat, kadar sari larut air 55.22%, kadar sari larut etanol 39.76%, susut pengeringan 8.01%, kadar air 4.83%, kadar abu total 6.86%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0.47%, kadar flavonoid total 1.38%, sisa pelarut 0.83%, kadar Pb 1.3247 mg/kg, Kadar Cd 0.0647, ALT ≤30 koloni/g, AKK 2,65X10² koloni/g, IC₅₀ antioksidan ekstrak daun gedi merah 126.0 µg/mL, IC₅₀ vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif 3.4 µg/mL. Ekstrak etanol 70% daun gedi merah memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan kategori sedang dan memenuhi persyaratan mutu

References

[1] BPOM, “Persyaratan keamanan dan mutu obat tradisional,” Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan, 2024.
[2] Kemenkes, “Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi II,” 2nd ed., Kementrian Kesehatan RI, 2017.
[3] M. Gupta, P. H. Chaudhary, M. G. Tawar, and B. Shrivastava, “Need and scope of standardization of herbal medicines-A review,” Int. J. Green Pharm., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 346–352, 2021, doi: 10.22377/ijgp.v15i4.3179.
[4] F. Luan et al., “Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, Biological Properties, Clinical Settings, and Toxicities of Abelmoschus manihot L.: A Comprehensive Review,” Front. Pharmacol., vol. 11, no. August, 2020, doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01068.
[5] Q. Sun, G. Yang, M. Zhang, S. Chen, and P. Chen, “Effect of Huangshukuihua (Flos Abelmoschi Manihot) on diabetic nephropathy: A meta-analysis,” J. Tradit. Chinese Med., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 15–20, 2015, doi: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30003-0.
[6] L. Rubiang-Yalambing, J. Arcot, H. Greenfield, and P. Holford, “Aibika (Abelmoschus manihot L.): Genetic variation, morphology and relationships to micronutrient composition,” Food Chem., vol. 193, pp. 62–68, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.058.
[7] A. Prabawardani, I. A. F. Djuuna, F. Asyerem, A. Yaku, and G. Lyons, “Morphological diversity and the cultivation practice of Abelmoschus manihot in West Papua, Indonesia,” Biodiversitas, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 894–999, 2016, doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d170267.
[8] S. Aryal, M. K. Baniya, K. Danekhu, P. Kunwar, R. Gurung, and N. Koirala, “Total Phenolic content, Flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of wild vegetables from western Nepal,” Plants, vol. 8, no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.3390/plants8040096.
[9] N. F. Rahman, N. Nursamsiar, M. Megawati, H. Handayani, and C. A. M. Suares, “Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Kembang Bulan Leaves (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray),” Indones. J. Pharm. Sci. Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, p. 57, 2022, doi: 10.24198/ijpst.v1i1.36900.
[10] V. Lobo, A. Patil, A. Phatak, and N. Chandra, “Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health,” Pharmacogn. Rev., vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 118–126, 2010, doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.70902.
[11] B. Mahdi-Pour, S. L. Jothy, L. Y. Latha, Y. Chen, and S. Sasidharan, “Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of different parts of Lantana camara,” Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 960–965, 2012, doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60007-6.
[12] S. Losada-Barreiro and C. Bravo-Díaz, “Free radicals and polyphenols: The redox chemistry of neurodegenerative diseases,” Eur. J. Med. Chem., vol. 133, pp. 379–402, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.061.
[13] V. Umashankar, S. H. Deshpande, H. V. Hegde, I. Singh, and D. Chattopadhyay, “Phytochemical Moieties From Indian Traditional Medicine for Targeting Dual Hotspots on SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: An Integrative in-silico Approach,” Front. Med., vol. 8, no. May, pp. 1–20, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.672629.
[14] S. Alusinsing, N. S. Kojong, and S. Sudewi, “Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Gedi Merah (Abelmoschus Manihot L.), Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus, Dan Escherichia Coli,” Pharmacon, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 10–19, 2017.
[15] T. Y. Hendrawati, A. Nuraini, R. J. Hakim, and N. H. Fithriyah, “Characterization and properties of gedi (Abelmoschus manihot l.) leaf extract with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using quadrupole time-of-flight technology (lcms-qtof),” Food Sci. Technol. (United States), vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 79–86, 2020, doi: 10.13189/fst.2020.080402.
[16] P. Pietta, “Flavonoids as Antioxidants,” J. Nat. Prod, vol. 63, pp. 1035–1042, 2000, doi: 10.1021/np9904509.
[17] R. N. Farnsworth, “Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Plants,” J. Pharm. Sci., vol. 151, no. 3, pp. 874–875, 1966, doi: 10.1126/science.151.3712.874.
[18] S. Sugiasti, Sediarso, and L. . Kharisma, “Analisis cemaran logam berat dalam buah Ananas Comusus (L.) Merr. Kaleng secara spektrofotometri serapan atom,” J. Ilmu Kefarmasian Indones., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 92–95, 2006.
[19] R. Djamil, D. Kartika Pratami, and L. Vidia Riyantika, “Pemeriksaan Parameter Mutu dan Uji Aktivitas Penghambatan Enzim α-Glukosidase dari Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Keji Beling (Sericocalyx Crispus (L.) Bremek),” J. Jamu Indones., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2020, doi: 10.29244/jji.v5i1.97.
[20] C. C. Chang, M. H. Yang, H. M. Wen, and J. C. Chern, “Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colometric methods,” J. Food Drug Anal., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 178–182, 2002, doi: 10.38212/2224-6614.2748.
[21] S. Sudewi, W. A. Lolo, M. Warongan, Y. Rifai, and H. Rante, “The ability of Abelmoschus manihot L. leaf extract in scavenging of free radical DPPH and total flavonoid determination,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 259, no. 1, 2017, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/259/1/012020.
[22] D. S. Chumbhale, “Pharmacognostic Standardization of Leaves of Abelmoschus Manihot ( Linn .) Medik,” Int. J. Pharm. Res. Dev., vol. 4(12), no. March 2013, pp. 123–130, 2013.
[23] Y. S. K. Ronaldy Nobertson, Novita Puspita Indah, “Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gedi Merah (Abelmoschus manihot (L).) Palu Sulawesi Tengah,” Farmakol. J. Farm., vol. XV, no. 1, pp. 63–71, 2018.
[24] C. Miranda et al., “Microbial contamination in herbal medicines : a serious health hazard to elderly consumers,” BMC Complement. Med. Ther., vol. 20, no. 17, pp. 1–9, 2020.
[25] M. Taroreh, S. Raharjo, P. Hastuti, and A. Murdiati, “Antioxidative Activities of Various Fractions of Gedi’s Leaf Extracts (Abelmoschus Manihot L. Medik),” Agric. Agric. Sci. Procedia, vol. 9, pp. 271–278, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.112.
[26] A. Prasetiyo1, “The inhibition of α-Glucosidase enzyme activity from Standardised Ethanol Extract of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik Leaves (Penghambatan Aktivitas Enzim α-Glukosidase oleh Ekstrak Etanol Terstandar Daun Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik),” J. Ilmu Kefarmasian Indones., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 159–164, 2023.
[27] O. T. Wulan and R. B. Indradi, “Profik fitokimia dan aktivitas farmakologi Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik.),” Farmaka, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 202–209, 2018.